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Starliner launch scrubbed by trouble with a valve in the Atlas 5’s Centaur upper stage

A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket was fueled for launch May 6, 2024 for the Starliner Crew Test Flight. Image: NASA TV.

An Atlas 5 rocket carrying astronauts for the first time was fueled for blastoff Monday night to boost Boeing’s long-delayed Starliner crew ferry ship into orbit for its first piloted test flight. But trouble with a valve in the rocket’s upper stage forced mission managers to order a scrub just two hours before takeoff.

It was a frustrating disappointment for commander Barry “Butch” Wilmore and co-pilot Sunita Williams, who were in the process of strapping in for launch when the scrub was announced. The moment brought to mind one of Wilmore’s favorite sayings: “you’d rather be on the ground wishing you were in space than in space and wishing you were on the ground.”

It was not immediately clear when Boeing and rocket-builder United Launch Alliance might be able to make another attempt, but engineers will first have to figure out what caused an oxygen relief valve in the rocket’s Centaur upper stage to “chatter” during the late stages of fueling and what might be required to fix it. If the valve has to be replaced, ULA might have to roll the rocket back to its processing facility for repairs.

Already running years behind schedule and more than a billion dollars over budget, the Starliner is Boeing’s answer to SpaceX’s Crew Dragon, an already operational spacecraft that has carried 50 astronauts, cosmonauts and civilians into orbit in 13 flights, 12 of them to the space station.

NASA funded development of both spacecraft to ensure the agency would be able to launch crews to the outpost even if one company’s ferry ship was grounded for any reason. While it’s taken Boeing much longer than expected to ready their ship for crew flights, all systems appeared go for launch from pad 41 at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station at 10:34 p.m. EDT.


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Boeing Starliner's historic 1st astronaut launch delayed by Atlas V rocket issue

An issue with ULA's Atlas V rocket scrubbed the historic 1st crewed launch attempt of Boeing's Starliner capsule on May 6. May 10 is the earliest possible launch date now.

New Evidence for Our Solar System’s Ghost: Planet Nine

Does another undetected planet languish in our Solar System’s distant reaches? Does it follow a distant orbit around the Sun in the murky realm of comets and other icy objects? For some researchers, the answer is “almost certainly.”

The case for Planet Nine (P9) goes back at least as far as 2016. In that year, astronomers Mike Brown and Konstantin Batygin published evidence pointing to its existence. Along with colleagues, they’ve published other work supporting P9 since then.

There’s lots of evidence for the existence of P9, but none of it has reached the threshold of definitive proof. The main evidence concerns the orbits of Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects (ETNOs). They exhibit a peculiar clustering that indicates a massive object. P9 might be shepherding these objects along on their orbits.

This orbital diagram shows Planet Nine (lime green colour, labelled “P9”) and several extreme trans-Neptunian objects. Each background square is 100 AU across. Image Credit: By Tomruen – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=68955415

The names Brown and Batygin, both Caltech astronomers, come up often in regard to P9. Now, they’ve published another paper along with colleagues Alessandro Morbidelli and David Nesvorny, presenting more evidence supporting P9.

It’s titled “Generation of Low-Inclination, Neptune-Crossing TNOs by Planet Nine.” It’s published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

This figure from the research shows the 17 planets, their orbits, their perihelions, semi-major axes, and their inclinations. Image Credit: Batygin et al. 2024.
These panels show the evolution of selected particles within the calculations that attain nearly planar (i < 40°) Neptune-crossing orbits within the final 500 Myr of the integration. "Collectively, these examples indicate that P9-facilitated dynamics can naturally produce objects similar to those depicted in Figure 1" (the previous figure), the researchers explain. The top, middle, and bottom panels depict the time series of the semimajor axis, perihelion distance, and inclination, respectively. The rate of chaotic diffusion greatly increases when particles attain Neptune-crossing trajectories. Image Credit: Batygin et al. 2024.

A drone's view of the Rubin Observatory under construction in 2023. The 8.4-meter is getting closer to completion and first light in 2025. The Observatory could provide answers to many outstanding issues, like the existence of Planet Nine. Image Credit: Rubin Observatory/NSF/AURA/A. Pizarro D
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'Sparkly' narwhal toy trades sea for space as Boeing Starliner zero-g indicator

What has one horn, two crewmates and shares a name with its ride into orbit? "Calypso," the plush sequined narwhal that is flying on the crew flight test of "Calypso," Boeing's CST-100 Starliner.

NASA Takes Six Advanced Tech Concepts to Phase II

It’s that time again. NIAC (NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts) has announced six concepts that will receive funding and proceed to the second phase of development. This is always an interesting look at the technologies and missions that could come to fruition in the future.

The six chosen ones will each receive $600,000 in funding to pursue the ideas for the next two years. NASA expects each team to use the two years to address both technical and budgetary hurdles for their concepts. When this second phase comes to an end, some of the concepts could advance to the third stage.

“These diverse, science fiction-like concepts represent a fantastic class of Phase II studies,” said John Nelson, NIAC program executive at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “Our NIAC fellows never cease to amaze and inspire, and this class definitely gives NASA a lot to think about in terms of what’s possible in the future.”

Here they are.

Fluidic Telescope (FLUTE): Enabling the Next Generation of Large Space Observatories

GO-LoW is a Great Observatory concept to open the last unexplored window of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. The Earth's ionosphere becomes opaque at approximately 10m wavelengths, so GO-LoW will join Great Observatories like HST and JWST in space to access this spectral window. Image Credits: NASA/GO-LoW
If the team behind FLOAT has their way, they'll build the Moon's first railway. Sort of. This artist's concept shows a possible future mission depicting the lunar surface with planet Earth on the horizon. Image Credit: Ethan Schaler
This artist's depiction shows ScienceCraft, which integrates the science instrument with the spacecraft by printing a quantum dot spectrometer directly on the solar sail to form a monolithic, lightweight structure.
Image Credit: Mahmooda Sultana
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Watch 2 bus-size asteroids make close flybys of Earth this week (video)

Two asteroids are expected to make close but safe approaches to Earth this week, and you can watch them live.

Spacecraft captures absolutely incredible video of plasma swirling on the sun

The video gives an insight into the energetic events that transfer energy and plasma into the solar corona that ultimately drives the solar wind.

Starliner's Mission Control team 'very excited' for capsule's 1st-ever astronaut launch (exclusive)

NASA and Boeing are working together to send the first astronauts to space on Starliner on May 6. Among the Mission Control support team is Kennedy Space Center's chief engineer.

China is Going Back to the Moon Again With Chang'e-6

On Friday, May 3rd, the sixth mission in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (Chang’e-6) launched from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in southern China. Shortly after, China announced that the spacecraft separated successfully from its Long March 5 Y8 rocket. The mission, consisting of an orbiter and lander element, is now on its way to the Moon and will arrive there in a few weeks. By June, the lander element will touch down on the far side of the Moon, where it will gather about 2 kg (4.4 lbs) of rock and soil samples for return to Earth.

The mission launched four years after its predecessor, Chang’e-5, became China’s first sample-return mission to reach the Moon. It was also the first lunar sample return mission since the Soviet Luna 24 mission landed in Mare Crisium (the Sea of Crisis) in 1976. Compared to its predecessor, the Chang’e-6 mission weighs an additional 100 kg (220 lbs), making it the heaviest probe launched by the Chinese space program. The surface elements also face lesser-known terrain on the far side of the Moon and require a relay satellite for communications.

Speaking of surface elements, the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) has since released images showing how the mission also carries a rover element. This payload was not part of mission data disclosed by China before the flight. But as SpaceNews’ Andrew Jones pointed out, the rover can be seen in the CAST images (see above) integrated onto the side of the lander.

“Little is known about the rover, but a mention of a Chang’e-6 rover is made in a post from the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics (SIC) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),” he wrote. “It suggests the small vehicle carries an infrared imaging spectrometer.” This rover is no doubt intended to assist the lander with investigating resources on the far side of the Moon. This is consistent with China’s long-term plans for building the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) around the southern polar region in collaboration with Roscosmos and other international patterns.

Similar to NASA’s plans for the Lunar Gateway and Artemis Base Camp, this requires that building sites be selected near sources of water ice and building materials (silica and other minerals). Ge Ping, the deputy director of the Center of Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering (CLESE) with the China National Space Administration (CNSA), related the importance of the sample-return mission to CGTN (a state-owned media company) before the launch:

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What Can Early Earth Teach Us About the Search for Life?

Earth is the only life-supporting planet we know of, so it’s tempting to use it as a standard in the search for life elsewhere. But the modern Earth can’t serve as a basis for evaluating exoplanets and their potential to support life. Earth’s atmosphere has changed radically over its 4.5 billion years.

A better way is to determine what biomarkers were present in Earth’s atmosphere at different stages in its evolution and judge other planets on that basis.

That’s what a group of researchers from the UK and the USA did. Their research is titled “The early Earth as an analogue for exoplanetary biogeochemistry,” and it appears in Reviews in Mineralogy. The lead author is Eva E. Stüeken, a PhD student at the School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, UK.

When Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago, its atmosphere was nothing like it is today. At that time, the atmosphere and oceans were anoxic. About 2.4 billion years ago, free oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere during the Great Oxygenation Event, one of the defining periods in Earth’s history. But the oxygen came from life itself, meaning life was present when the Earth’s atmosphere was much different.

This isn’t the only example of how Earth’s atmosphere has changed over geological time. But it’s an instructive one and shows why searching for life means more than just searching for an atmosphere like modern Earth’s. If that’s the way we conducted the search, we’d miss worlds where photosynthesis hadn’t yet appeared.

Earth's Hadean Eon is a bit of a mystery to us because geologic evidence from that time is scarce. During the Hadean, Earth had its primary atmosphere from the solar nebula. But it soon lost it and accumulated another one via outgassing as the planet cooled. Credit: NASA
Earth's history is written in chemical reactions. This figure from the research shows the percentage of sulphur isotope fractionation in sediments. The sulphur signature disappeared after the GOE because the oxygen in the atmosphere formed an ozone shield. That blocked UV radiation, which stopped sulphur dioxide photolysis. "Anoxic planets where O2 production never occurs are more likely to resemble the early Earth prior to the GOE," the authors explain. Image Credit: Stüeken et al. 2024.
The JWST has made headlines for examining exoplanet atmospheres and identifying chemicals. A transmission spectrum of the hot gas giant exoplanet WASP-39 b, captured by Webb's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on July 10, 2022, revealed the first definitive evidence for carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of a planet outside the Solar System. Credit:  NASA, ESA, CSA, and L. Hustak (STScI). Science: The JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team
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SpaceX reveals new EVA suit for upcoming Polaris Dawn private spaceflight (video)

SpaceX revealed its new spacesuit designed for Crew Dragon passengers to unbuckle and float outside the spacecraft.

SpaceX launches 23 Starlink satellites from Florida (video)

SpaceX launched another batch of its Starlink internet satellites today (May 6), the company's 46th orbital mission of the year already.

Boeing's Starliner launch will be the 1st astronaut flight on an Atlas V rocket. How did NASA and ULA get it ready for crews? (exclusive)

NASA astronauts will ride a United Launch Alliance Atlas V for the 1st time on May 6. Getting the long-running rocket ready for humans took thousands of checks.

Sun unleashes X-class solar flare, radio blackouts reported (video)

A recently detected sunspot region unleashed a powerful X4.5 solar flare early Monday morning, causing radio blackouts throughout parts of the Eastern Hemisphere.

The ISS may be more visible in the night sky throughout May. Here's how to see it

The International Space Station, the largest and brightest object now orbiting Earth, will provide excellent views for skywatchers across much of the Northern Hemisphere for much of May.

1st woman to command a US spacecraft Eileen Collins 'signs' patch to inspire girls

A patch created to honor Eileen Collins, the first woman to command a U.S. spacecraft, features a geometric pattern representing the glow of her space shuttle lifting off into the night sky.

Boeing Starliner brings astronaut launches back to Atlas rocket and Cape Canaveral

The launch of astronauts on a Boeing spacecraft will mark a first for the company, but will also bring human spaceflight back to a rocket and launch site after more than 50 years.

The Broadest Horizon

Many people travel to broaden their horizons; there's no broader horizon than the cosmos.

The post The Broadest Horizon appeared first on Sky & Telescope.

Live Coverage: SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket to launch 23 Starlink satellites from Florida

A Falcon 9 stands ready for a Starlink mission at Cape Canaveral’s pad 40. File photo: Adam Bernstein/Spaceflight Now.

Update: SpaceX has pushed the T-0 liftoff time to near the end of the launch window.

SpaceX is gearing up for the first of two Starlink missions from Florida, as Boeing gets ready for the first piloted launch of its Starliner capsule. A Falcon 9 rocket will launch from pad 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station on Monday, followed by another on Tuesday from pad 39A at the Kennedy Space Center.

Liftoff on Monday is scheduled for 2:14 p.m. EDT (1814 UTC). Meteorologists at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station say there is a 90-percent chance of acceptable conditions for launch, with a small risk of cumulus cloud development being the only concern.

Spaceflight Now will have live coverage with commentary starting about an hour before launch.

The Falcon 9 first stage assigned to the Starlink 6-57 mission will be making its 15th flight. The booster, which has the tail number 1069, first flew in December 2021 on a cargo delivery mission to the International Space Station. In addition to making 10 previous Starlink deliveries, it launched the Hotbird 13F and SES 18 and 19 telecommunications satellites and a batch of satellites for OneWeb’s high speed internet service. It most recently flew a month ago on Apr. 5 for the Starlink 6-47 mission.

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Long-delayed Boeing Starliner ready for first piloted flight to space station

Boeing’s Starliner capsule sits atop the Atlas 5 rocket at Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station a day before its planned launch. Image: Michael Cain/Spaceflight Now.

Years behind schedule and more than a billion dollars over budget, Boeing’s Starliner capsule is finally poised for its first piloted launch Monday, a critical test flight carrying two veteran astronauts to the International Space Station and in so doing, demonstrate an alternative to SpaceX’s already operational Crew Dragon.

While SpaceX has launched 50 astronauts, cosmonauts and civilians to orbit in 13 piloted Crew Dragon flights since May 2020, Boeing has been bedeviled by multiple technical problems that required extensive re-work — and an additional unpiloted test flight — to resolve.

But mission managers say all the known issues have been corrected, multiple other upgrades and improvements have been implemented and the spacecraft has been thoroughly tested to verify it is finally ready to safely carry astronauts to and from the space station.

No one is more eager for launch than the Starliner’s crew, both active-duty NASA astronauts.

“I have full confidence in the management that makes the decisions that filter down to the operations team, full confidence on the NASA side and the Boeing side,” said mission commander Barry “Butch” Wilmore. “There have been some issues in the past. That’s the past. That is not now.”




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